Based on previous research, the genetics factors and its influence on athletes performance varies from 20% to 80%. The factors involved here include cardiorespiratory function, muscle biochemistry, body size and motor skills. Recently research has found a potential link between sprint performance and a particular gene.
This particular gene is the Actinin Alpha-3(ACTN3). The general expression of this gene is limited to the skeletal muscle. Based on recent research, the expression on the ACTN3 is found mostly in elite sprint athletes. However, endurance sports athletes do not show the expression of this gene and it was not inherited. In reference to this knowledge, this opens a window for genetic testing in children. From this, children can see if they are predisposed to certain types of activities or sport.
The University of Sydney also conducted a research which showed results that supported this theory and opened more deeper routes on this issue. The ACTN3 gene has two variants which is the R variant and the X variant. The R variant is involved in the production of muscle protein. Thus, individuals with the R variant would show more rapid and forceful muscle contraction. On the other hand, the X variant has no effect on protein production. Based on the research in the University of Sydney, Sprint athletes have the R variant exclusively while endurance athletes have both the R and X variant. This knowledge has already lead to genetic testing of children for the ACTN3 gene and it’s variant. Based on the results, some parents believe that they can guide a child to excel in the sport that they are gifted in.
This particular gene is the Actinin Alpha-3(ACTN3). The general expression of this gene is limited to the skeletal muscle. Based on recent research, the expression on the ACTN3 is found mostly in elite sprint athletes. However, endurance sports athletes do not show the expression of this gene and it was not inherited. In reference to this knowledge, this opens a window for genetic testing in children. From this, children can see if they are predisposed to certain types of activities or sport.
The University of Sydney also conducted a research which showed results that supported this theory and opened more deeper routes on this issue. The ACTN3 gene has two variants which is the R variant and the X variant. The R variant is involved in the production of muscle protein. Thus, individuals with the R variant would show more rapid and forceful muscle contraction. On the other hand, the X variant has no effect on protein production. Based on the research in the University of Sydney, Sprint athletes have the R variant exclusively while endurance athletes have both the R and X variant. This knowledge has already lead to genetic testing of children for the ACTN3 gene and it’s variant. Based on the results, some parents believe that they can guide a child to excel in the sport that they are gifted in.
Main Reference
MacArthur DG, North KN (2007) ACTN3: A genetic influence on muscle function and athletic performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 35:30-34.
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